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...matics Teaching and Learning]] summarizes the existing research on problem solving and points to promising directions for future research. "Schoenfeld's (1985a, 1987) problem solving courses at the college level have as one of their major goals the developme

{{Title|Problem Solving and Modeling}} ...st attempts to find (and instruct students in) globally applicable problem solving strategies or heuristics. The piece advocates for a "Models and Modeling" a

...braic reasoning, in which symbolic problem solving precedes verbal problem solving and arithmetic skills strictly preceded algebraic skills, was contrasted wi * Theoretical Framework: Factors Affecting Problem-Solving Difficulty

..., D. I.]] (2004). [[Johanning (2004)|A schematic-theoretic view of problem solving and development of algebraic thinking]]. Educational Studies in Mathematics

...ormal assessments. Children with CB teachers scored higher on word problem-solving achievement than did children with LCB teachers, but children from both typ ...ormal assessments. Children with CB teachers scored higher on word problem-solving achievement than did children with LCB teachers, but children from both typ

...solving, reported understanding, and reported confidence in their problem-solving abilities. ** The Role of Problem Solving

{{Title|The Effect of Shift-Problem Lessons in the Mathematics Classroom}} ...roup work in the shift-problem lessons, the groups of students' success in solving the tasks throughout the course followed different patterns in the integral

...of when, why, and how differences in problem representation affect problem solving. We conclude that differences in external representations can affect perfor

...ing. In spite of the shift in emphasis from skills to concepts and problem solving, there was no overall change in computational performance. The findings sug *** Concepts and Problem Solving

...l scaffolding because the teachers made the content needed for solving the problem explicit, and, also, encouraged students. The students' performance of move

<li>Developing Understanding in Mathematics via Problem Solving by Thomas L. Schroeder and [[Frank Lester|Frank K. Lester, Jr.]]</li> <li>Thinking Strategies: Teaching Arithmetic Through Problem Solving by [[Paul Cobb]] and Graceann Merkel</li>

...etic reasoning strictly precedes algebraic reasoning, and symbolic problem-solving develops prior to verbal reasoning. High school teachers were most likely t ** Teachers' Problem Difficulty Ranking

..., D. I.]] (2004). [[Johanning (2004)|A schematic-theoretic view of problem solving and development of algebraic thinking]]. Educational Studies in Mathematics

[[Sarah Lubienski|Lubienski, S. T.]] (2000). [[Lubienski (2000)|Problem solving as a means toward mathematics for all: An exploratory look through a class

*** Meaning From the Problem Context *** Meaning Derived From That Which Is Exterior to the Mathematics/Problem Context

[[Alan Schoenfeld|Schoenfeld, A. H.]] (2007). [[Schoenfeld (2007) ZDM|Problem solving in the United States, 1970–2008: research and theory, practice and politi ...H.]] (1992). [[Schoenfeld (1992)|Learning to think mathematically: Problem solving, metacognition, and sense making in mathematics]]. In [[Douglas Grouws|D. A

...ith Zawojewski|Zawojewski, J.]] (2007). [[Lesh & Zawojewski (2007)|Problem solving and modeling]]. In [[Frank Lester|F. K. Lester]] (Ed.), ''[[Second handbook

...sional development program was based on earlier research detailing various problem types and strategies that students employ while working on addition and sub [[File:Problemtypes.png|500px|thumb|right|Problem Types, from [http://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED188892 Carpenter & Moser, (1979)]]]

...s in terms of the problem-solving strategies that boys versus girls use in solving mental rotation problems.

<li>Problem Solving by John J. Kinsella</li>

=Problem Solving Tasks= Through her blog, Nguyen has authored several widely-used problem solving tasks.

<li>Learning How to Teach via Problem Solving by Frank K. Lester, Jr., Joanna O. Masingila, Sue Tinsley Mau, Diana V. Lam <li>Problem-Solving Interviews as Preparations for Teaching Mathematics by Harriett C. Bebout</

...n extended period during which the Council attended to issues like problem solving, estimation, and the use of calculators and computers. The NCTM Educational <li>Establishing Fundamental Concepts Through Numerical Problem Solving by [[Franklin Demana]] (Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio) and [[Joan L

...& Wearne, D. (1999). Learning basic number concepts and skills as problem solving. In E. Fennema & T. A. Romberg (Eds.), ''Mathematics classrooms that promot ...h. In D. B. McLeod & V. M. Adams (Eds.), ''Affect and mathematical problem solving''. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-3614-6_14

# [[Kilpatrick (1978)|Variables and Methodologies in Research on Problem Solving]] by [[Jeremy Kilpatrick]] # [[Lampert (1990)|When the Problem Is Not the Question and the Solution Is Not the Answer: Mathematical Knowin

<li>Using Prediction to Motivate Personal Investment in Problem Solving<br> <li>Developing Persistent and Flexible Problem Solvers With a Growth Mindset<br>

...o do textbook-style problems but struggled in more open or applied problem-solving situations. In contrast, students at Phoenix Hill spent most of their time ...was a greater focus on student discussion and collaboration around problem solving. Boaler related the traditional approach to the idea of "received knowing"

** Reasoning and Problem Solving

...in the problem statement" ({{Cite|Verschaffel, Greer, & De Corte|2000}}). Solving word problems involves: == Is Solving Word Problems the Same as Mathematical Modeling? ==

# [[Problem Solving in School Mathematics (1980 NCTM Yearbook)|Problem Solving in School Mathematics]] (1980)

** Some Important Problem-Solving and Learning Skills May Be Metarepresentational

<li>Problem-Solving in Mathematics by [[Kenneth Henderson|Kenneth B. Henderson]] (University of

...& [[Philip Ogbuehi|Ogbuehi, P.]] (2012). ''Improving mathematical problem solving in grades 4 through 8: A practice guide'' (NCEE 2012-4055). Washington, DC:

* [[Kathleen Argall]]: ''Student-Driven Learning and Problem-Based Geometry and Algebra 1'' ...and [[Debbie Wile]]: ''Getting Students Invested in the Process of Problem Solving''

...er, K.]] (2014). [[Palha, Dekker, & Gravemeijer (2014)|The effect of shift-problem lessons in the mathematics classroom]]. ''[[International Journal of Scienc [[Koeno Gravemeijer|Gravemeijer, K.]] (1997). [[Gravemeijer (1997)|Solving word problems: A case of modelling?]] ''[[Learning and Instruction]], 7(4)'

<li>[[Schoenfeld (1992)|Learning to Think Mathematically: Problem Solving, Metacognition, and Sense Making in Mathematics]] by [[Alan Schoenfeld|Alan

...d a task to indicate which rule to follow for solving a particular type of problem. ...e real world, while Phoenix Park students talked more about the process of solving problems and using mathematics as an adaptable tool. In her conclusion, Boa

<li>Beyond Problem Solving: Problem Posing by [[Barbara Moses]] (Education Development Center, Inc., Newton, Ma

...hool-Based Teacher Learners-to-Leaders Project: Learning From an Authentic Problem of Practice<br> <li>Collaborative Problem Solving as a Basis for a Professional Learning Community: Four Perspectives on Coll

<li>[[Lesh & Zawojewski (2007)|Problem Solving and Modeling]] by [[Richard Lesh]] and [[Judith Zawojewski]]</li>

...plementary. It will be shown that the processes of learning and of problem-solving consist in an intricate interplay between operational and structural concep ...noticed about half of 13-year-old students could not represent a division problem like 7 divided by 4 as a fraction. It took centuries for mathematicians to

...hind our arithmetic. We just used the formulas and carried out the problem solving. For instance, the way I learned permutations was just to use the factorial

...ce of their peers on tasks focused on conceptual understanding and problem solving ([[Putnam (2003)|Putnam, 2003]]; [[Chappell (2003)|Chappell, 2003]]; [[Swaf ...do reveal a pattern of higher student conceptual understanding and problem solving when using standards-based curricula (e.g. [[Boaler (1997)|Boaler, 1997]];

...tudents would then work by themselves or in pairs to solve the measurement problem before discussing their solutions as a class. [[Stephan (1998)]] found that ...iscourse. These episodes may or may not be the same as a student solving a problem, or correspond to a classroom activity. The critical episodes in the analys