Skemp (1976)
The article Relational Understanding and Instrumental Understanding was written by Richard Skemp and originally published in the December 1976 issue of Mathematics Teaching. The article was reprinted in the November 1978 issue of Arithmetic Teacher and in the September 2006 issue of Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School. The article is available from NCTM at http://www.nctm.org/publications/article.aspx?id=20558 and from JSTOR at http://www.jstor.org/stable/41182357.
Abstract
In this article, the author defines relational and instrumental understanding. He then explains the impact he feels these two disparate goals have on the attitudes and understanding of students. We believe the reader will find his ideas about the teaching and learning of mathematics remarkably contemporary and thought-provoking.
Summary of Relational Understanding and Instrumental Understanding
About
APA
Skemp, R. R. (1976/2006). Relational understanding and instrumental understanding. Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School, 12(2), 88–95. Originally published in Mathematics Teaching.
BibTeX
@article{Skemp2006,
author = {Skemp, Richard R.},
journal = {Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School},
number = {2},
pages = {88--95},
title = {{Relational understanding and instrumental understanding}},
url = {http://www.nctm.org/publications/article.aspx?id=20558},
volume = {12},
year = {2006}
}