Cognitively Guided Instruction

Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) is a professional development program that aims to improve teachers' understanding of how children develop arithmetic concepts. The professional development program was based on earlier research detailing various problem types and strategies that students employ while working on addition and subtraction word problems. The development of CGI and research by Carpenter, Fennema, Peterso, Chiang and Loef was influential for the way it integratedr research on student learning and research on teaching.

History

• Carpenter & Moser (1984)
• Carpenter, Fennema, Peterson, Chiang, & Loef (1989)
• Knapp & Peterson (1995)
• Carpenter, Fennema, & Franke (1996)
• Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, Levi, Jacobs, & Empson (1996)
• Franke, Carpenter, Levi, & Fennema (2001)