High School: Algebra » Arithmetic with Polynomials & Rational Expressions #
Standards in this domain: #
Perform arithmetic operations on polynomials. #
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.A.1
Understand that polynomials form a system analogous to the integers, namely, they are closed under the operations of addition, subtraction, and multiplication; add, subtract, and multiply polynomials.
Understand the relationship between zeros and factors of polynomials. #
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.B.2
Know and apply the Remainder Theorem: For a polynomial p(x) and a number a, the remainder on division by x - a is p(a), so p(a) = 0 if and only if (x - a) is a factor of p(x).
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.B.3
Identify zeros of polynomials when suitable factorizations are available, and use the zeros to construct a rough graph of the function defined by the polynomial.
Use polynomial identities to solve problems. #
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.C.4
Prove polynomial identities and use them to describe numerical relationships. For example, the polynomial identity (x2 + y2)2 = (x2 - y2)2 + (2xy)2 can be used to generate Pythagorean triples.
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.C.5
(+) Know and apply the Binomial Theorem for the expansion of (x + y)n in powers of x and y for a positive integer n, where x and y are any numbers, with coefficients determined for example by Pascal’s Triangle.1
Rewrite rational expressions. #
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.D.6
Rewrite simple rational expressions in different forms; write a(x)/b(x) in the form q(x) + r(x)/b(x), where a(x), b(x), q(x), and r(x) are polynomials with the degree of r(x) less than the degree of b(x), using inspection, long division, or, for the more complicated examples, a computer algebra system.
CCSS.Math.Content.HSA.APR.D.7
(+) Understand that rational expressions form a system analogous to the rational numbers, closed under addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division by a nonzero rational expression; add, subtract, multiply, and divide rational expressions.
1 The Binomial Theorem can be proved by mathematical induction or by a combinatorial argument.